Growing Green Minds: Understanding Primary Students’ Perspectives on Ecological Literacy

Authors

  • Somariah Fitriani Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA Jakarta
  • Irdalisa Irdalisa Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA Jakarta
  • Imam Safi’i Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA Jakarta
  • Hamidah Mohamad Universiti Tun Abdul Razak

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47134/ijsl.v5i2.398

Keywords:

Ecological Literacy, Environmental Education, Environmental Stewardship, Primary School, Place-Based Education

Abstract

Ecological literacy is an essential aspect for fostering an understanding of and responsibility for environmental stewardship in young learners, yet limited research examines how children engage with ecological concepts in unique island-based settings. This study aimed to explore the primary pupils’ perceptions of ecological literacy at an island-based school through participation in a mangrove planting program. Employing a case study research design with ten participants, semi-structured interviews revealed five themes: foundational understanding, personal connection to nature, daily environmental awareness, environmental education value, and concern for preservation. Pupils’ attitudes toward ecological responsibility revealed seven themes: belief in personal and collective agency, practical environmental actions, environmental impact awareness, emotional connection to nature, peer encouragement participation, stewardship, and experiential learning. The results undeline the need of practical, place-based educational activities in fostering ecological literacy. This program help pupils to develop active participation and feeling of responsibility and deepen their knowledge of environmental ideas.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Adams, S., & Savahl, S. (2017). Nature as children’s space: A systematic review. The Journal of Environmental Education, 48(5), 291–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2017.1366160. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2017.1366160

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T

Balážová, M., Ciceková, J., Macko, J., & Záhorská, E. (2024). Ecological literacy of pupils of primary education in Slovakia as a precondition of biodiversity education. European Journal of Educational Research, 13(4), 1791–1803. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.13.4.1791. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.13.4.1791

Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W.H. Freeman.

Beery, T., Fridberg, M., Præstholm, S., Uhnger Wünsche, T., & Bølling, M. (2024). Connectedness to nature: a tale of three scales. Environmental Education Research, 30(10), 1783–1805. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2024.2320342. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2024.2320342

Blair, D. (2009). The child in the garden: An evaluative review of the benefits of school gardening. The Journal of Environmental Education, 40(2), 15–38. https://doi.org/10.3200/JOEE.40.2.15-38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3200/JOEE.40.2.15-38

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2022). Thematic analysis: A practical guide. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsqmip.2022.1.33.46

Caiman, C., & Kjällander, S. (2024). Elementary students’ ‘outdoor–digital’ explorations in ecology - learning through chains of transduction. Environmental Education Research, 30(1), 83–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2023.2229541. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2023.2229541

Chawla, L. (2009). Growing up green: Becoming an agent of care for the natural world. Journal of Developmental Processes, 4(1), 6–23. https://research.childrenandnature.org/research/motivation-efficacy-and-knowledge-predict-childrens-development-of-concern-for-the-natural-world/.

Chawla, L. (2015). Benefits of nature contact for children. Journal of Planning Literature, 30(4), 433–452. https://doi.org/10.1177/0885412215595441. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0885412215595441

Chawla, L. (2020). Childhood nature connection and constructive hope: A review of research on connecting with nature and coping with environmental loss. People and Nature, 2(3), 619–642. https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10128. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10128

Chawla, L., & Cushing, D. F. (2007). Education for strategic environmental behavior. Environmental Education Research, 13(4), 437–452. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504620701581539. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13504620701581539

Chawla, L., & Derr, V. (2012). The development of conservation behaviors in childhood and youth. In S. D. Clayton (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Environmental and Conservation Psychology (pp. 527–555). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199733026.013.0028. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199733026.013.0028

Cheang, C. C., So, W.-M. W., Zhan, Y., & Tsoi, K. H. (2017). Education for sustainability using a campus eco-garden as a learning environment. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 18(2), 242–262. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-10-2015-0174. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-10-2015-0174

Ernst, J., & Theimer, S. (2011). Evaluating the effects of environmental education programming on connectedness to nature. Environmental Education Research, 17(5), 577–598. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2011.565119. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2011.565119

Fasikhi, F., Muliawat, U. R., Sulastri, S., & Fitriani, S. (2023). Character education through the application of ecological architecture: A case study of vocational high school in South Tangerang. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 15(3), 3189–3201. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v15i3.3383. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v15i3.3383

Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (2011). Predicting and changing behavior (First). New York : Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203838020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203838020

Fitriani, S., & Sari, Y. Y. (2023). Through parents’ eyes: Exploring parental involvement’s experiences on online learning. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 12(4), 2063–2072. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v12i4.25114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v12i4.25114

Gannon, S. (2017). Saving squawk? Animal and human entanglement at the edge of the lagoon. Environmental Education Research, 23(1), 91–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2015.1101752. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2015.1101752

Ha, C., & Dong, S. (2023). Identifying the most ecoliterate inhabitants in a top-ten ecologically advanced city of China: A sociodemographic perspective. Sustainability, 15(4), 3054. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043054. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043054

Häggström, M., & Schmidt, C. (2020). Enhancing children’s literacy and ecological literacy through critical place-based pedagogy. Environmental Education Research, 26(12), 1729–1745. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2020.1812537. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2020.1812537

Hammarsten, M., Askerlund, P., Almers, E., Avery, H., & Samuelsson, T. (2019). Developing ecological literacy in a forest garden: children’s perspectives. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 19(3), 227–241. https://doi.org/10.1080/14729679.2018.1517371. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14729679.2018.1517371

Kals, E., Schumacher, D., & Montada, L. (1999). Emotional affinity toward nature as a motivational basis to protect nature. Environment and Behavior, 31(2), 178–202. https://doi.org/10.1177/00139169921972056. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/00139169921972056

Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. Retrieved from http://www.learningfromexperience.com/images/uploads/process-of-experiential-learning.pdf!.

Kuo, M., Barnes, M., & Jordan, C. (2019). Do experiences with nature promote learning? Converging evidence of a cause-and-effect relationship. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00305. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00305

Lace-Jeruma, L., & Birzina, R. (2019, May 10). The improvement of eco-school students’ environmental awareness in the context of education for sustainable development. 77–85. https://doi.org/10.22616/REEP.2019.010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22616/REEP.2019.010

Leopold, A. (1949). A sand county almanac. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Liefländer, A. K., Fröhlich, G., Bogner, F. X., & Schultz, P. W. (2013). Promoting connectedness with nature through environmental education. Environmental Education Research, 19(3), 370–384. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2012.697545. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2012.697545

Mannion, G., Fenwick, A., & Lynch, J. (2013). Place-responsive pedagogy: learning from teachers’ experiences of excursions in nature. Environmental Education Research, 19(6), 792–809. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2012.749980. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2012.749980

McBride, B. B., Brewer, C. A., Berkowitz, A. R., & Borrie, W. T. (2013). Environmental literacy, ecological literacy, ecoliteracy: What do we mean and how did we get here? Ecosphere, 4(5). https://doi.org/10.1890/ES13-00075.1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1890/ES13-00075.1

Mossner, A. W. von. (2017). Affective ecologies: Empathy, emotion, and environmental narrative. Ohio: The Ohio State University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11hpszq

Orr, D. W. (1992). Ecological literacy: Education and the transition to a postmodern world. Albany: Suny Press.

Persson, K., Andrée, M., & Caiman, C. (2022). Down-to-earth ecological literacy through human and nonhuman encounters in fieldwork. Journal of Environmental Education, 53(2), 99–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2022.2046534. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2022.2046534

Piaget, J. (1971). The theory of stages in cognitive development. In D. R. Green, M. P. Ford, & G. B. Flamer (Eds.), Measurement and Piaget. (pp. 172–188). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Pitt, A. N., Schultz, C. A., & Vaske, J. J. (2019). Engaging youth in public lands monitoring: opportunities for enhancing ecological literacy and environmental stewardship. Environmental Education Research, 25(9), 1386–1399. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2019.1649368. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2019.1649368

Ricoy, M.-C., & Sánchez-Martínez, C. (2022). Raising ecological awareness and digital literacy in primary school children through gamification. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3), 1149. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031149. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031149

Rios, C., & Menezes, I. (2017). I saw a magical garden with flowers that people could not damage!: children’s visions of nature and of learning about nature in and out of school. Environmental Education Research, 23(10), 1402–1413. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2017.1325450. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2017.1325450

Salimi, M., Dardiri, A., & Sujarwo, S. (2021). The profile of students’ eco-literacy at nature primary school. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 16(4), 1450–1470. https://doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v16i4.5999. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v16i4.5999

Shakespear, M., Varghese, J., & Morris, R. (2020). “We are nature”: Exploring nature conceptualizations and connections through children’s photography. Children, Youth and Environments, 30(2), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.7721/chilyoutenvi.30.2.0001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7721/chilyoutenvi.30.2.0001

Shutaleva, A., Martyushev, N., Nikonova, Z., Savchenko, I., Abramova, S., Lubimova, V., & Novgorodtseva, A. (2021). Environmental behavior of youth and sustainable development. Sustainability, 14(1), 250. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010250. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010250

Sobel, D. (2013). Place-Based Education: Connecting classrooms and communities. MA: Orion Society.

Suryawati, E., Suzanti, F., Zulfarina, Z., Putriana, A. R., & Febrianti, L. (2020). The implementation of local environmental problem-based learning student worksheets to strengthen environmental literacy. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 9(2), 169–178. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v9i2.22892. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v9i2.22892

United Nations. (2022). UN decade on ecosystem restoration: A sustainable future for all. New York: United Nations

Vygotsky, L. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes (M. Cole, V. Jolm-Steiner, S. Scribner, & E. Souberman, Eds.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvjf9vz4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvjf9vz4

Waite, S. (2010). Losing our way? The downward path for outdoor learning for children aged 2–11 years. Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning, 10(2), 111–126. https://doi.org/10.1080/14729679.2010.531087. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14729679.2010.531087

Wamsler, C. (2020). Education for sustainability. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 21(1), 112–130. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-04-2019-0152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-04-2019-0152

Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods (6th ed.). London: Sage Publication.

Downloads

Published

2025-04-28

How to Cite

Fitriani, S., Irdalisa, I., Safi’i, I., & Mohamad, H. (2025). Growing Green Minds: Understanding Primary Students’ Perspectives on Ecological Literacy . International Journal of Social Learning (IJSL), 5(2), 427–441. https://doi.org/10.47134/ijsl.v5i2.398

Issue

Section

Articles